According to Keith Sabin at CDC, billions of unsafe and unnecessary injections each year cause serious illness and millions of premature deaths. Using WHO data, Sabin claims 75% of the estimated 12 billion injections each year are unnecessary. Because of unsanitary conditions in parts of the world, these injections may be responsible for 8-16 million cases of hepatitis B virus infection, 2-5 million cases of hepatitis C virus infection, and 80,000-160,000 cases of HIV.